ABSTRACT
As enfermidades que acometem a cavidade nasal de pequenos ruminantes podem causar prejuízos aos rebanhos de ovinos e caprinos na região central do Brasil. Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo dos laudos de necropsia do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) nos anos de 2003 a 2014 para verificar a ocorrência das doenças que acometeram a cavidade nasal de pequenos ruminantes. Foram analisados 463 protocolos de ovinos e 75 de caprinos totalizando 538 casos. Seis ovinos (6/463 1,29%) foram necropsiados com rinite granulomatosa micótica ou oomicótica e 22 animais do estudo (22/538; 4,08%) tiveram o diagnóstico de oestrose, sendo 86,36% ovinos e 13,64% caprinos. As rinites piogranulomatosas em ovinos ocorreram em áreas alagadas, com abundante material vegetal em decomposição. Os ovinos com pitiose rinofacial apresentaram como principais alterações aumento de volume na região nasal devido a extensas lesões granulomatosas associadas a necrose tecidual, caracterizadas por inúmeros macrófagos e polimorfonucleares circundando centros necróticos contendo o agente envolto por reação de Splendore-Hoeppli. Os ovinos com conidiobolomicose exibiram extensas áreas de necrose e inflamação piogranulomatosa, associadas à presença de hifas fúngicas na nasofaringe e também na região peribulbar e exoftalmia. A maioria dos animais com oestrose não apresentou alterações clínico-patológicas significativas, apesar de serem encontradas larvas principalmente nos seios e conchas nasais, traqueia e seio paranasal. A importância dessas enfermidades ainda é pouco conhecida na região, sendo de grande relevância que as condições clínico-patológicas e epidemiológicas sejam elucidadas para o diagnóstico, o controle e a prevenção, para evitar a expansão e prejuízos para os rebanhos...
Nasal cavity diseases that affect small ruminants can cause losses to sheep and goat herds in Central Brazil. A retrospective study of the University of Brasilia´s Veterinary Pathology Laboratory autopsy reports from 2003 to 2014 was conducted to verify the occurrence of small ruminants nasal cavity diseases. Six necropsied sheep (6/463 1.29%) showed mycotic or oomicotic granulomatous rhinitis and 22 animals (22/538, 4.08%) presented oestrosis diagnosis, affecting 86.36% of sheep and 13.64% of goats. The pyogranulomatous rhinitis in sheep occurred in flooded areas with abundant plant material decomposing. Rhinofacial pythiosis infection in animals showed as major changes swelling in the nasal region due to extensive granulomatous lesions associated with tissue necrosis, characterized by numerous macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells surrounding necrotic centers containing the agent surrounded by Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. Sheep with conidiobolomycosis showed extensive areas of necrosis and pyogranulomatous inflammation associated with fungal hyphae, localized in the nasopharynx and also in peribulbar region and exophthalmia. Most animals with oestrosis showed no significant clinical and pathological changes, even with the presence of larvae mainly in the sinuses and nasal turbinates, trachea and paranasal sinus. The importance of such diseases is still unknown in the region, and the knowledge of the clinical-pathological and epidemiological conditions is of great relevance for the diagnosis, control and prevention to avoid the expansion and losses to livestock...
Subject(s)
Animals , Nasal Cavity/pathology , Rhinitis/physiopathology , Rhinitis/veterinary , Sheep , Conidiobolus/pathogenicity , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Pythiosis/pathology , Pythium/pathogenicity , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinaryABSTRACT
The myxomatosis is a contagious worldwide disease caused by poxvirus which infects domestic and wild rabbits. In the present study we present two distinct outbreaks of myxomatosis when raising rabbits, one for commercial purpose of production of meat and skins and, another one for the commercialization of ornamental rabbits. The observed signs were ocular, auricular, nasal, testis lesions and many times scattered throughout the body of the animals. The lesions were characterized by formation of nodules that by palpation disclosed gummy or gelatinous aspect. At the transmission electron microscopy, all the skin and crust samples were analyzed by negative staining technique. A great number of particles with morphology similar to the poxvirus, some enveloped in a brick-shaped and irregular disposition of tubules on the external membrane, measuring 300x240 nm on the average were visualized. Ultra thin sections revealed the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies surrounded by membrane containing oval particles, measuring 270 x 130 nm, containing nucleus or an internal biconcave (dumbbell-shaped) core. Immature particles (empty), surrounded by membrane were also observed. In addition, intracytoplasmic electron dense inclusion bodies containing viral particles budding of dense amorphous material and intranuclear fibrillar or "digital" inclusions showing a regular striation and arranged in groups were found in the middle of granular material. The nuclei were deformed with densely condensed chromatin forming amorphous and electron dense inclusion bodies. In the immunocytochemistry technique, the antigen-antibody reaction was strongly marked by the particles of colloidal gold, emphasizing the viral particles. The techniques used in this study were important in the diagnosis of the affected animals.
La mixomatosis es una enfermedad contagiosa de distribución mundial, causada por poxvirus que infecta conejos domésticos y salvajes. En este estudio presentamos dos distintos surtos por mixomatosis que ocurrieron en producciones de conejos, una para fines comerciales de producción de carne y pieles y otra para el comercio de conejos domésticos. Las señales observadas fueron afecciones oculares, nasales, testiculares y, a veces, también distribuida por todo el cuerpo de los animales. Estas se caracterizaban por formación de nódulos que a la palpación tenían un aspecto gelatinoso o gomoso. En la microscopía electrónica de transmisión, por la técnica de contrastación negativa, se pudo observar en todas las muestras examinadas de piel y de costras, un gran número de partículas típicas de poxvirus, con envoltura y forma de ladrillo, mostrando disposición irregular de los túbulos sobre la membrana externa, midiendo 300 x 240 nm en el promedio. Cortes ultrafinos de fragmentos de piel y de costras revelaron la presencia de cuerpos de inclusión intracitoplasmáticas, envueltos por membrana y conteniendo partículas ovales, midiendo 270 x 130 nm, conteniendo núcleo o centro interno bicóncavo (forma de mancuernas). Partículas inmaduras (vacías) envueltas por membrana fueron observadas. También fueron analizados cuerpos de inclusión intracitoplasmáticos, electrodensos, conteniendo partículas virales brotando del material denso y amorfo. Fueron observadas inclusiones intranucleares fibrilares o "digitales" mostrando una estriación periódica y disposición en grupos en medio del material granular. Los núcleos estaban deformados con cromatina densamente condensada formando cuerpos de inclusiones electrodensas y amorfas. En la técnica de imunocitoquímica la reacción antígeno-anticuerpo fue intensamente marcada por las partículas de oro coloidal realzando fuertemente las partículas virales.